Breakthrough: Air Pollution/Cancer Research Challenges the Science on Tumors

“Scientists have uncovered how air pollution causes lung cancer,” reports the Guardian, “in groundbreaking research that promises to rewrite our understanding of the disease.”

The BBC is calling it “a discovery that completely transforms our understanding of how tumours arise.”

The team at the Francis Crick Institute in London showed that rather than causing damage, air pollution was waking up old damaged cells. One of the world’s leading experts, Prof Charles Swanton, said the breakthrough marked a “new era”. And it may now be possible to develop drugs that stop cancers forming.

The findings could explain how hundreds of cancer-causing substances act on the body. The classical view of cancer starts with a healthy cell. It acquires more and more mutations in its genetic code, or DNA, until it reaches a tipping point. Then it becomes a cancer and grows uncontrollably…. The researchers have produced evidence of a different idea. The damage is already there in our cell’s DNA, picked up as we grow and age, but something needs to pull the trigger that actually makes it cancerous….

Around one in every 600,000 cells in the lungs of a 50-year-old already contains potentially cancerous mutations. These are acquired as we age but appear completely healthy until they are activated by the chemical alarm and become cancerous. Crucially, the researchers were able to stop cancers forming in mice exposed to air pollution by using a drug that blocks the alarm signal.
The results are a double breakthrough, both for understanding the impact of air pollution and the fundamentals of how we get cancer.

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Does Computer Programming Really Help Kids Learn Math?

Long-time Slashdot reader theodp writes:

A new study on the Impact of Programming on Primary Mathematics Learning (abstract only, full article $24.95 on ScienceDirect) is generating some buzz on Twitter amongst K-12 CS educator types. It concluded that:

1. Programming did not benefit mathematics learning compared to traditional activities
2. There’s a negative though small effect of programming on mathematics learning
3. Mindful “high-road transfer” from programming to mathematics is not self-evident
4. Visual programming languages might distract students from mathematics activities

From the Abstract: “The aim of this study is to investigate whether a programming activity might serve as a learning vehicle for mathematics acquisition in grades four and five…. Classes were randomly assigned to the programming (with Scratch) and control conditions. Multilevel analyses indicate negative effects (effect size range 0.16 to 0.21) of the programming condition for the three mathematical notions.

“A potential explanation of these results is the difficulties in the transfer of learning from programming to mathematics.” The findings of the new study come 4+ years after preliminary results were released from the $1.5M 2015-2019 NSF-funded study Time4CS, a “partnership between Broward County Public Schools (FL), researchers at the University of Chicago, and [tech-bankrolled] Code.org,” which explored whether learning CS using Code.org’s CS Fundamentals curriculum may be linked to improved learning in math at the grade 3-5 level. Time4CS researchers concluded that the “quasi-experimental” study showed that “No significant differences in Florida State Assessment mathematics scores resulted between treatment and comparison groups.”

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New Avatar Movie and Star Wars TV Trailers Revealed at D23 Conference

CNET reveals some Star Wars news shared at Disney’s three-day “D23 Expo.”

Fans were probably most thrilled by the reveal of a new Mandalorian trailer for the upcoming third season of the hit show that brought us Baby Yoda in all his cuteness… Lucasfilm also dropped a final trailer for upcoming Disney Plus series Andor. Diego Luna plays Cassian Andor as he’s recruited into the rebellion against the Empire. The show takes place five years before the events of Rogue One.

And the studio presented a trailer for Tales of the Jedi, which offers six original shorts about Ahsoka and Dooku, and arrives October 26. Fans also got a glimpse, though not a trailer, showing Jude Law, who’s starring in Star Wars: Skeleton Crew, a story about a group of younglings lost in space.

Also revealed was a “developer update” trailer for the upcoming mobile game Avatar: Reckoning, as part of the news about other franchises:

James Cameron called in to the event from New Zealand to discuss Avatar: The Way of Water, and the crowd was given 3D glasses to watch some breathtaking footage [from] Cameron’s long-awaited sequel… ahead of its December 16 release.

An exclusive clip from The Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania featured Kang holding Cassie Lang hostage and trying to force Scott to steal something for him. Also featured: Bill Murray!

Samuel L. Jackson returns as Nick Fury in a new Disney Plus show called Secret Invasion, where Fury and friends (Oscar-winner Olivia Colman among them!) takes on shape-changing Skrulls. The trailer looks intense.”

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Geek Writes a Song a Day for 13 Years, Celebrates Song #5,000 With Big NFT Auction

Since January 1, 2009, Jonathan Mann has written an original song every day and shared it online. Starting as an unemployed 26-year-old, Mann remembers in an online video that “I made my living entering video contests — I’d submit to 12 of them in 12 days, win one or two, and that was my income for the month.”

But Mann released that video after song #4,000, reflecting that “A bunch of videos went viral. I released eight albums. In 2016 I got the Guinness World Record for most consecutive days writing a song. And I’ve carved out this living delivering keynotes at conferences all over the world — as well as watching all the other talks then getting up at the end to sing a song that recaps everything.”

And now 13 years, 8 months, and 9 days after he first began, “I have officially written 5000 songs in 5000 days,” Mann announced Friday on Twitter — sharing a special 5,000th song including singing appearances from 112 of his listeners. Mann still shares his videos free online — but for four years, Mann has also been auctioning the songs as NFTs living on the Ethereum blockchain. (By Friday night someone had bid 5 ETH — about $1,700 — for song #5,000. And the NFTs also confer membership status for the decentralized autonomous organization, SongADAO).

Mann also writes songs on commission on a “pay-what-you-feel” basis, and has even written songs for companies like SquareSpace and OKCupid. (“Most businesses pay between $2000 and $5000 for a song and a video.”) Once Steve Jobs even opened Apple’s press conference about its iPhone antennas dropping phone calls by playing one of Mann’s satirical songs.

“I saw that on YouTube this morning, and couldn’t help but want to share it,” Steve Jobs said, according to this 2017 summation of Mann’s other wacky career highlights:

On day #202, he won a $500 American Express gift card in a jingle contest held by Microsoft for the launch of their Bing search engine. When TechCrunch quipped that Bing had succeeded “in finding the worst jingle ever,” Mann responded with a second song — setting TechCrunch’s article to music (along with a speculative interior monologue which Mann acknowledges is “completely made up.”)

Mann later admitted that his jingle was the worst song he’d recorded that July. (“I wrote it in 10 minutes …”) And his worst song that October was a related song that he’d written when “I received an email from Microsoft of a video showing middle-school kids in Pennsylvania singing and dancing to my Bing song.”

“I was horrified. Don’t get me wrong, the kids were adorable, but Bing? What had I created!?”

But he was honored when the kids told him they’d enjoyed dancing to his song, and when they asked for one about their own school, Mann obliged.

When Steve Wozniak turned 60, Mann was ready with a musical tribute — Song #588, “That’s Just Woz….”

And in January of 2011, as the world learned Jobs had taken an indefinite medical leave of absence, Mann released song #753: Get Better, Steve Jobs…

Mann’s duet with Siri earned over 1,609,675 views….

On Day #810 Mann convinced his girlfriend Ivory to sing the other half of a duet called “Vegan Myths Debunked.” They’d apparently been dating for a year before he started his song-a-day project. But after four more years, on Day #1,435, Mann and his girlfriend Ivory decided to break up — and released a music video about it….

And in 2014, on day 1,951, Mann’s wife gave birth to his son Jupiter….

Day #2000, in June of 2014, Mann answered questions from Reddit users, answering every question with a song….

At a speaking engagement, he offered his own perspective on time: “100 days went by, a year went by, a thousand days went by. At a certain point, it just becomes a part of my life. And so that’s how I stand before you now having written 2,082 songs in as many days.”

As the audience applauds, he segues into his larger message, “I’m happiest when I’m making.”

The article closes by quoting the song Mann wrote on Day #2001 — for a video which included part of every one of the 1,999 previous videos, in a spectacular montage called “2000 Songs in 2000 Days….”

“And I will sing until I’m all out of breath. And the color of the sun is a dark, dark red. And the governments will fall. And we’ll sing until it hurts. And we’ll ring forever through the universe.”

The video ends with a personal message from Mann himself.

“Make something every day,” it urges in big letters.

“Just start. I believe in you.”

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NASA Makes RISC-V the Go-to Ecosystem for Future Space Missions

SiFive is the first company to produce a chip implementing the RISC-V ISA.

They’ve now been selected to provide the core CPU for NASA’s next generation High-Performance Spaceflight Computing processor (or HSPC).

HPSC is expected to be used in virtually every future space mission, from planetary exploration to lunar and Mars surface missions.

HPSC will utilize an 8-core, SiFive® Intelligenceâ X280 RISC-V vector core, as well as four additional SiFive RISC-V cores, to deliver 100x the computational capability of today’s space computers. This massive increase in computing performance will help usher in new possibilities for a variety of mission elements such as autonomous rovers, vision processing, space flight, guidance systems, communications, and other applications….

The SiFive X280 is a multi-core capable RISC-V processor with vector extensions and SiFive Intelligence Extensions and is optimized for AI/ML compute at the edge. The X280 is ideal for applications requiring high-throughput, single-thread performance while under significant power constraints. The X280 has demonstrated a 100x increase in compute capabilities compared to today’s space computers..

In scientific and space workloads, the X280 provides several orders of magnitude improvement compared to competitive CPU solutions.

A business development executive at SiFive says their X280 core “demonstrates orders of magnitude performance gains over competing processor technology,” adding that the company’s IP “allows NASA to take advantage of the support, flexibility, and long-term viability of the fast-growing global RISC-V ecosystem.

“We’ve always said that with SiFive the future has no limits, and we’re excited to see the impact of our innovations extend well beyond our planet.”
And their announcement stresses that open hardware is a win for everybody:

The open and collaborative nature of RISC-V will allow the broad academic and scientific software development community to contribute and develop scientific applications and algorithms, as well optimizing the many math functions, filters, transforms, neural net libraries, and other software libraries, as part of a robust and long-term software ecosystem.

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US Approves Google Plan To Let Political Emails Bypass Gmail Spam Filter

The US Federal Election Commission approved a Google plan to let campaign emails bypass Gmail spam filters. From a report: The FEC’s advisory opinion adopted in a 4-1 vote said Gmail’s pilot program is permissible under the Federal Election Campaign Act and FEC regulations “and would not result in the making of a prohibited in-kind contribution.” The FEC said Google’s approved plan is for “a pilot program to test new Gmail design features at no cost on a nonpartisan basis to authorized candidate committees, political party committees, and leadership PACs.” On July 1, Google asked the FEC for the green light to implement the pilot after Republicans accused the company of giving Democrats an advantage in its algorithms. Republicans reportedly could have avoided some of their Gmail spam problems by using the proper email configuration. At a May 2022 meeting between Senate Republicans and Google’s chief legal officer, “the most forceful rebuke” was said to come “from Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), who claimed that not a single email from one of his addresses was reaching inboxes,” The Washington Post reported in late July. “The reason, it was later determined, was that a vendor had not enabled an authentication tool that keeps messages from being marked as spam, according to people briefed on the discussions.”

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Biden Signs China Competition Bill To Boost US Chipmakers

President Joe Biden on Tuesday signed a bipartisan bill that aims to strengthen U.S. competitiveness with China by investing billions of dollars in domestic semiconductor manufacturing and science research. From a report: “Today is a day for builders. Today America is delivering,” Biden said at the signing ceremony outside the White House. He was joined by a crowd of hundreds, including tech executives, union presidents and political leaders from both parties. The bill, dubbed the Chips and Science Act, includes more than $52 billion for U.S. companies producing computer chips, as well as billions more in tax credits to encourage investment in semiconductor manufacturing. It also provides tens of billions of dollars to fund scientific research and development, and to spur the innovation and development of other U.S. tech. The Biden administration also contended that the legislation will “unlock hundreds of billions more” in private spending in the industry. The White House said Tuesday that multiple companies, “spurred” by the chips bill, have announced more than $44 billion in new semiconductor manufacturing investments.

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US Senate Finally Passes Its Massive Climate Bill

Slashdot reader Charlotte Web writes: At 3:02 p.m. EST, vice president Kamala Harris began presiding over the U.S. Senate.
After a vote on the very last proposed amendment, the Senate heard these final remarks from Democrat Senate Majority Leader, Chuck Schumer on what he called “the boldest climate package in US history.”

“It’s been a long, tough, and winding road. But at last — at last — we have arrived. I know it’s been a long day and long night, but we’ve gotten it done….”

“It’s a game changer. It’s a turning point. And it’s been a long time coming.

“To Americans who have lost faith that Congress can do big things, this bill is for you…
And to the tens of millions of young Americans who spent years marching, rallying, demanding that Congress act on climate change, this bill is for you. The time has come to pass this historic bill.”

One by one, Senators delivered their votes for the official tally, and at 3:18 PST Harris announced that “On this vote, the yeas are 50, the nays are 50.” And with the vice president casting deciding votes in an equally-divided Senate, “the bill as amended is passed.”

And the Senate broke into spontaneous applause.

The bill now goes to the U.S. House of Representatives, which is expected to vote on it Friday.

As Slashdot reported last week:

The bill helps U.S consumers buy electric vehicle chargers, rooftop solar panels, and fuel-efficient heat pumps. It extends energy-industry tax credits for wind, solar and other renewable energy sources — and for carbon capture technology. In fact, most of its impact is accomplished through tax credits, reports the New York Times, “viewed as one of the least expensive ways to reduce carbon emissions.

“The benefits are worth four times their cost, according to calculations by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago.” One example is ending an eligibility cap on the $7,500 tax credit for consumers buying electric vehicles.

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San Francisco Decriminalizes Psychedelics

San Francisco lawmakers have unanimously approved a measure calling for the decriminalization of psychedelics like psilocybin and ayahuasca. DoubleBlind Mag reports: The Board of Supervisors approved the measure, sponsored by Supervisors Dean Preston (D) and Hillary Ronen (D), on Wednesday. While it doesn’t immediately enact changes to criminal justice policy in San Francisco, it urges police to deprioritize psychedelics as “amongst the lowest priority” for enforcement and requests that “City resources not be used for any investigation, detention, arrest, or prosecution arising out of alleged violations of state and federal law regarding the use of Entheogenic Plants listed on the Federally Controlled Substances Schedule 1 list.”

Decriminalize Nature San Francisco helped advance the resolution, which also implores city officials to “instruct” its state and federal lobbyists to push for psychedelics decriminalization in California and federally. The whereas section of the measure talks about emerging research that shows entheogenic substances have therapeutic potential to treat a wide range of mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance misuse disorder. It further notes that the “state legislature has already started the conversation around the decriminalization of personal possession of small amounts of seven psychedelic substances,” in the form of a bill from Sen. Scott Wiener (D) that passed the Senate and several Assembly committees before being significantly scaled back in a final panel and ultimately pulled by the sponsor.

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